Sharpening a hatchet or axe

Bushcraft hatchet buried in an oak chopping block at a hunt camp at golden hour

The hunting axe magazine

Tested from the woodpile to the whitetail camp.

Honest reviews of hunting axes, hatchets, tomahawks, and bushcraft axes. Written by woodsmen who have hung a hickory handle, sharpened a rusted Kelly head, and quartered elk with steel we picked ourselves.

Hands-on tested  ·  Named writers  ·  No paid picks  ·  FTC compliant

A factory hatchet edge is rarely the edge you want. Twenty minutes at the vise with a fine bastard file, a puck stone, and a scrap-leather strop turns a Council Tool Woodcraft into the tool the marketing said it was. Five numbered steps. One mistake we made on a Velvicut Boys Axe that cost us a re-grind. Bring the vise; do not free-hand a full-size head.

1. Clamp the head, cheek up

Vise the head with the cheek horizontal and the bit facing you. Pad the vise jaws with scrap leather or hardwood; do not clamp bare metal to metal (marks the finish, telegraphs shock into the eye). If you do not have a vise, build a cradle from two scrap 2x4s screwed to a plywood base with a V-notch. Do not free-hand a full-size axe head; it is how you lose the edge geometry and a fingernail.

2. File the primary bevel with a fine bastard

8 in fine bastard file, one direction only (file cuts on the push stroke). Match the existing primary bevel angle; for a bushcraft or hunt-camp hatchet, that is 18 to 22 degrees inclusive. For a splitter, closer to 25 to 30. Six to ten strokes each side; feel for a burr along the full length of the bit. A farrier rasp is too coarse; a mill file is too fine. Bastard-cut is the middle path.

3. Refine with the puck stone coarse side

Coarse side (220 grit) of a combination puck, circular motion, both sides, water lubricant. Chase the file marks out. This is where most guides stop; the edge cuts wood at this point but tears rather than slices. Keep going. Two minutes per side takes the file scratches to a matte grey without polishing them out.

4. Polish with the puck fine side, then strop

Fine side (600 to 800 grit) same motion, less pressure. Then strop on veg-tan leather glued to a block, edge-trailing (pull the edge away from you). Green compound optional; on a working hatchet it is worth 20 percent more slice, on a hunt-camp axe you dress every season it is not worth the tin. Test: the edge should shave a curl off a pencil round.

5. Oil the bit and stow

Wipe the bit with a rag, then a thin coat of camelia oil or 3-in-1 (any light machine oil). Do not use vegetable or olive oil; they go rancid inside a season. Sheath the head and hang the axe head-down. What we would fix: our writer ground a Velvicut Boys Axe with a coarse rasp on the first pass and had to re-grind a full 1 mm off the primary bevel to true it. Fine bastard file first; save the rasp for a broken poll.

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